Real World
Algorithms

A queue is a fundamental data structure used for organizing and processing elements in a linear order. It follows the principle of "first in, first out" (FIFO), where elements are added at the rear and removed from the front. Items in a queue are processed in the order in which they were added, making it suitable for various applications, such as task scheduling and managing resources in a sequential manner.

A linked list is a dynamic data structure that consists of a sequence of elements, each containing data and a reference (or link) to the next element in the sequence. This structure allows for efficient insertion and deletion of elements, making it versatile for various applications. Linked lists can be singly linked (each element points to the next) or doubly linked (each element points to both the next and the previous), providing flexibility in data management and traversal.

A binary tree is a hierarchical data structure composed of nodes, where each node has at most two child nodes, typically referred to as the left child and the right child. This structure allows for efficient searching and retrieval of data, making binary trees an essential foundation for various data structures and algorithms. The organization of nodes in a binary tree is conducive to tasks like sorting, searching, and hierarchical data representation.

A stack is a fundamental data structure that operates on the "last in, first out" (LIFO) principle. It is a collection of elements with two primary operations: pushing (adding) elements onto the top of the stack and popping (removing) elements from the top. Stacks are used for managing data in a sequential manner, where the most recently added item is the first to be processed or removed. They are essential for tasks like function call management, expression evaluation, and undo functionality in software applications.

An array is a fundamental data structure that represents a collection of elements, each identified by an index or a key. It provides a contiguous memory allocation for its elements, allowing for efficient random access and manipulation of data. Arrays are versatile and widely used for storing and organizing data of the same data type, making them suitable for tasks such as data storage, sorting, and searching, and are the foundation for more complex data structures and algorithms.

Pathfinder is a tool or concept used to find the best path between two points, considering obstacles and constraints. It involves algorithms and techniques for efficient navigation or routing.